The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Example Essay Example

The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Example Paper The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Introduction The Control of Media in the Gulf War How much do you think you know about the world around you? What if everything you viewed was a lie? During the Gulf War, the White House and the military seized and screened every news report, determining the images and information the media would relay to the public. The result was that the president and the military framed the debate, set the public agenda, supplied television with many of the defining images of the war, and enjoyed very favorable press coverage throughout the conflict . If you ask most Americans what they remember about the Gulf War, they will tell you they remember the super intelligent smart bombs, SCUD missiles, Patriot missiles, and Saddam Hussein is a very bad man, but that is only part of the story. (Muellar, 22) The Gulf War was both the most widely cover war in history and one in which the U. S. government imposed the greatest Restrictions on the press short of outright censorship. Bush’s announcement of war to t he nation on January 16 was watched by the largest American audience in history, over 120 million people tuned in. The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Body Paragraphs Without the Cold War or the â€Å"Americans in Danger† theme to frame the crisis, the Gulf War administration needed to work harder though the media to convince both the public and the congress that the use of military force was necessary in January. (Trevor. 185) With television technology providing instant transference of images from the front, something had to be done to prevent another Vietnam. (Muellar, 20) On December 14, Pete Williams , Pentagon spokesperson, dropped the first on the media, issuing a memorandum to news organizations that spelled out the press ground rules in the event of hostilities . All interviews with service members will be on the record . Security at the source is the policy. In event of hostilities, media products will be subject to security review prior to release. You must retain with your military escort at all times, until released, and follow instructions regarding your activities. These instructions are intended only to facilitate troop move ment, ensure safety, and maintain operational security. In a departure from Pentagon assurances and from existing policy, the press would cover Desert Storm exclusively rom pools. Pentagon used pools for the purpose of secrecy on the grounds of national security. The media expected to be able to roam battlefields, as a small number of reporters had in Vietnam, but in fact, the importance of secrecy made this unacceptable from the military’s stand point. The military developed this ad hoc system of combat pools controlled by the military in conjunction with media which were taken to particular areas of news coverage. Yetiv, 131) As of January 12, plans called for 2 eighteen member pools, consisting of reporters from television, newspapers, news, magazines, and the wire services. One would cover the Army, one the Marines. No â€Å"unilateral† or independent coverage would be permitted. The military would detain and take back to Dhahran any, journalists found within 100 m iles of the war zone. Saudis were also very reluctant to have journalists running around looking for stories. The Saudis later strengthened this rule by making the punishment for unilateral reporting arrest deportation. In their rush to get their people to the Gulf and into pools, the only way they could count on being able to report at least some of the action their umber one goal after- they had been forced to comply with the pentagon’s rules. And guidelines before fully realizing the impact they had been forced to comply with the Pentagons rules and guidelines before fully realizing the impact they would have. (Yetiv, 132) There were two options open to journalists wishing to cover Desert Storm. First, journalist could accept the pool system and work out of Dhahran, watching televised briefings. These press briefings were another way the Pentagon controlled the news. Press briefings were carried out on net work and global news. This achieved virtual domination of public im aginations regarding the nature, cause, and success of the war. They didn’t want it to be Vietnam all over again. No left-leaning journalists were going to make the U. s armed forces look like bad guys. In addition to watching these press briefings they would gather pool reports until a slot in the pool opened. This route assured journalists material for daily story and a chance for better once they got a pool slot. On the downside, covering the war from a hotel is not most journalists’ idea of a good time – the real story was out in the desert. And worse, being in a pool was guarantee of a good story, because it meant letting the military dictate where, to go and what to see. Pools had no opportunities to observe combat, see war damage, interview soldiers or civilians, and all footage had to be approved by military censors before publications. The other option was to reject the pool system and â€Å"go unilateral† venturing out into the desert, evading m edia hostile military types and looking for a unit that would agree to let a journalist do a story. Of the 1400 or so journalists occupying Saudi Arabia by the ground war, only a handful chose to attempt unilateral reporting because it was dangerous. Several journalists wound up hostages of the Iraqis, many got lost repeatedly, often ending up in less desirable areas like minefields. Even if a journalist did manage to locate U. S. ilitary unit, there was a good chance of being detained and sent back to Dhahran with the threat of deportation by the Saudis. (Yetiv, 132) The Gulf War was the first fully censored made for TV war in history it was pretty much a reality show where reporters would be forced to cover emotional issues such as the troops in their tents smiling and bonding with each other. And if coverage was not that, it was a light show, the amazing colors in the sky, like fireworks of the bombs falling on the Iraqis. What we saw was images of our soldiers dedicated, cheerfu l, and confident. We saw the hardships of those loved ones at home waiting for their spouses and family members to return home heroes. We did not see Iraqi victims. The impression of a bloodless war was partly due to the emphasis placed upon so called smart weapons technology in Pentagon briefings and media coverage. While the performance of the smart weapons was apparently reliable and accurate as military reports indicated, their overall importance in the war (in terms of total tonnage of weapons dropped) was not nearly as great as their symbolic function in helping generate the facade of high tech warfare. We were not told that smart bombs constituted only 10 percent of the total bombs dropped in Iraq or that 70 percent of our bombs missed their targets. (Thrall, 196-199) Furthermore there were virtually no images of human death carried by the media. Instead, coverage tended to emphasize property damage bridges blowing up military bunkers exploding and other forms of non human de struction. During and immediately after the war, the US military avoided providing a comprehensive and reliable accounting of Iraqi casualties. Initial estimates however placed them above 100,000 with an additional 100,000-200,000 civilian death. In fact due to the widespread destruction caused by the U. S bombing Greenpeace would have considered what Americans did to be terrorism. (Clark, 122) The amusing part is the American people believed they received good news coverage. Media celebrities working in the pools were just entertainers who read lines largely written by the Pentagon for national television audience. The media became a cheer leader for the war. In 1991 TV networks monopolized public access to events that made the news. Ramsey, 130) The media had financial relationships with the military and weapons industries. It depended on major corporate advertising, political campaign, contributions and it close alliance with political parties and leaders made the American media virtually one with the government. Media exert its power to persuade public to support war, while it demonized Saddam Hussein, and portrayed Bush as a courageous leader. The Massive Media campaign to persuade the public righteousness of the American cause and conduct includes an intense promotion of the US military action. It justified violence by creating hatred toward and dehumanizing Iraq and concealing or misrepresenting anything conflicted with that purpose. This caused people to celebrate the slaughter of tens of thousands of defenseless human beings, ignore crimes against humanity, and then blame those who are dying for their plight. Even if a reporter wanted to tell the truth, their employer wouldn’t allow it . (Woodword, 3-11) Media never analyzed the enormous volume of evidence that the US planned the destruction of Iraq long before August 2, 1990. Nor did the media ever speculate on vast amounts of evidences showing that the US with help Kuwait was trying to provok e Saddam Hussein into attack. Media never yelled cover up. They just ignored the story and falsely claimed Iraq planned to invade Saudi Arabia to dominate oil reserves. Media would also describe powerful Iraq’s military is while its population is only 6 % of the United States. (Denton, 33) Demonization of Saddam Hussein was a continuing process by the government and the media from early 1990. Headlines appeared in the Washington Post such as the following: Monster in the Making, from unknown to â€Å"Ach Villain in a Matter of Days† and â€Å"The Demonization of Saddam Hussein†. (Prince, 253) Such propaganda has always been used to dehumanize an enemy so that their deaths seem desirable. It is essential to emotionalize a soldier to kill, the public approved of it to kill. The pentagon’s press would even lie to loved ones, families about the death of the soldiers. They would tell them stories of how the soldier died from enemy fire, heroically defending fr eedom, when the death was actually a mistake. To learn the truth the family would have to ask a soldier who actually witnessed the truth. How could the government lie about something as precious as life? (Prince, 253) If a government can portray a war with all the positives and none of the negatives, then people can go to their war rallies and wear their yellow ribbons and no worry about the opposing side. If a government can completely control the information disseminated by civilian news media then there really is no point to having civilian journalists risking their lives for stories they can’t even broadcast. It begs the question of how far the military will go to cover up stories and events that they do not want the world to know. It is scary to think about it, the United States military could be committing war crimes without the knowledge of American people or United Nations. War crimes that could be horrific as those committed in Bosnia or Kosovo, those of which we wer e involved in military actions to stop. Who knows how far it could go in the future? Could we someday be involved in committing genocide in China? We may never know if the civilian news organizations have their hands tied by the government. (Ramsey, 134) We will write a custom essay sample on The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Control of Media in the Gulf War Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

St Marys College of Maryland (SMCM) Admissions Data

St Marys College of Maryland (SMCM) Admissions Data With an acceptance rate of 80  percent, St. Marys College of Maryland admits most of the students who apply each year. Those with good grades and test scores within or above the ranges listed below have a good chance of being admitted. If you are interested in applying, you will need to submit an application, SAT or ACT scores, official high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a personal essay. For more information about these requirements, be sure to visit the schools website, or get in touch with a member of the admissions team. Admissions Data (2016) St. Marys College Acceptance Rate: 80  percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for St. Marys College of MarylandTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 510  / 640SAT Math: 490 / 610What these SAT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: 23  / 29ACT English: 22  / 28ACT Math: 22  / 30What these ACT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges ACT comparison St. Marys College of Maryland Description Located on an attractive 319-acre waterfront campus, St. Marys College of Maryland stands on a historic piece of land first settled in 1634. Its a fitting location for Marylands only Public Honors College. The college boasts a 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio. Students at St. Marys College receive the benefits of a small,  liberal arts college  with the lower cost of state tuition. The schools academic strengths earned it a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. Student life on the water has led to some interesting student traditions such as an annual cardboard boat race and a winter swim in the river. St. Marys many strengths earned it a place on the list of  top public liberal arts colleges  and  top Maryland colleges. The most popular majors are  Biology, Economics, English, History, Political Science, and Psychology. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 1,629  (1,598 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44  percent male / 56 percent female97  percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $14,192 (in-state); $29,340 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,442Other Expenses: $1,566Total Cost: $29,400 (in-state); $44,548 (out-of-state) Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 94  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 87 percentLoans: 77  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $8,701Loans: $6,006 Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 87  percentTransfer-out Rate: 24 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 65  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 73  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Lacrosse, Sailing, Swimming, Tennis, Soccer, BaseballWomens Sports:  Sailing, Soccer, Lacrosse, Field Hockey, Cross Country, Basketball, Volleyball If You Like St. Marys College, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Delaware: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGettysburg College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHood College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJames Madison University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFrostburg State University: Profile  Elon University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJohns Hopkins University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Virginia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorgetown University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCollege of William Mary: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMount St. Marys University: Profile  Washington College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps

How to Write a Compelling Character Arc in Just 3 Steps How to Write a Compelling Character Arc A character arc maps the evolution of a personality through a story. It's a term that writers use to describe their protagonist's journey from a place of comfort to rapid change and back again: hence, an arc.While main characters might face big challenges (Hungarian Horntails and evil Dark Lords), character arcs have to do with internal, personal change. Characters will find their strengths and weaknesses tested over the course of the story - so that by the time they arrive at the story's end, they are a changed person. These changes might not be monumental, but they will have made a significant impact on the character, either positively or negatively.In this post, we'll look at how a writer can plot a compelling, believable arc - starting with a classic story of good triumphing over evil. Whether your protagonist has a happy or unfortunate ending, here's how to arc their internal development How to write a character arc with a  positive changeWhen the protagonist overcomes external obstacles and internal flaws in order to become a better person, we can describe this as a positive arc. It’s often used in story structures such as the Hero’s Journey.At its core, this arc is made up of three points:The Goal: Every character needs to have a goal. It might be to fall in love. Or it might be to make as much money as possible. Either way, their journey will be hindered by...The Lie: A deeply-rooted misconception they have about themselves or the world that keeps them from reaching their true potential. In order to reach their goal, they’ll need to acknowledge and overcome the Lie, by facing†¦The Truth: While the character may have their own plans, the positive change arc has its own goal:   self-improvement. This is achieved when they learn to reject The Lie and embrace The Truth.To see this arc in action, let’s map it onto a few classic prot agonists.Example The HobbitIn Breaking Bad, Walter goes off the deep end (image: Sony Pictures Television)Walter White is in a happy marriage and lives an honest life working as a science teacher and as a father to his teenage son - but then he receives news of his advanced lung cancer. To begin, he’s concerned with the sudden confrontation with his own mortality. Until the inciting incident introduces...The Goal: Sell enough meth with ex-student-turned-drug-dealer Jesse Pinkman so that he can pay for cancer treatment and to secure the future of his family.The Lie: Arrogance. Walter believes he has the power to avoid the hand of the law, avoid corruption, and avoid bringing danger upon his family while entering the drug trade.The Truth: Walter believes he’s on a noble journey to provide for his family. In reality, he’s rebelling against his mortality - and playing with fire usually results in burns.This arc is different from the others we’ve examined be cause Walter starts his arc already aware of the Truth: cooking meth is risky business and is not the solution to his problems. But faced with impending death, the boundaries of his morals have been suddenly pushed, leaving him vulnerable to the Lie: the belief that he is immune corruption. His arc sees Walter continuously rejecting the red flags and embracing the Lie, until any distinction is lost and he’s so far gone he has no choice but to embrace the Lie completely. In the end, it consumes him and he loses everything, turning into a full-fledged anti-hero.Character Arc Map: They know the Truth about the world → They pursue a goal believing they can hold onto Truth → They succumb to the Lie and reject the Truth → They embrace (or are defeated by the Lie) and lose. How to plot a compelling and believable character arc - with examples These three steps, while being universal elements of all arcs, can take countless forms depending on the specificities of your character. Sometimes, the arc doesn’t involve substantial internal change, and is more about the change they effect on the world around them - something often called a â€Å"flat arc.†When planning the arc of your central personalities, always look for the lie they believe, the truth they may or may not believe, and the goal that drives them. We recommend downloading this free character profile template to help. If you find that you're still struggling, try using these character development exercises. Ultimately, breaking arcs down this way should help you emphasize cause and effect and keep your characters anchored in ways that will make it so much easier for your readers to empathize with.

2008 May issue of Women's Health Magazine Critic Essay - 1

2008 May issue of Women's Health Magazine Critic - Essay Example Articles such as Burn More Fat were the highlight of this issue of Women’s Health Magazine and the lead article was assisted by the picture of a slim and trim model. In a time where increasing criticism was being given to the extreme to which models were going to look as slim as possible, this was a brave move on the magazine’s part but was a move executed very intelligently since the magazine was strewn with complimenting articles on good health and physical fitness altogether. It was apparent that the issue of the magazine had chosen to bring together a combination of looks as well as health in this issue. The article also held a subscript which gave the article a tacky sort of appeal. The subscript said A Rock Solid Body by 1st June. This was not a particularly wise decision since not all women desire having a rock solid body and a large number of women still choose to look womanly and feel soft and comforting to their partners when they are in their presence. In thi s regard, the article seemed quite out of place in the magazine that was sporting other articles that focused on the woman’s health. This article seemed to go a little overboard. However, other articles such as Lost in Translation – What he’s trying to tell you were quite amusing and entertaining and needless to say, it was articles such as these in the May issue of Women’s Health Magazine that kept the reader riveted. Moreover, it was articles such as these that drew the attention of the reader towards the magazine in the first place. Designed for the reader’s amusement and relationship intelligence, this was an article that must have been responsible for a significant number of sales for the magazine since it stood out amongst the rest of the articles in the fact that it was the only article on relationships in the entire May 2008 issue of the magazine. Perhaps the first thing to catch the reader’s eyes was the article All New Way’s to Healthier Eating which

Real Estate in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Real Estate in America - Essay Example According to the expert analysis the wide involvement of real estate in equally the 1984-88 booms plus the 1988-92 bust in innovative England has been well acknowledged. A theatrical rise in housing prices fueled customer expenditure, building employment prolonged additional than 50 percent, and in general employment enlargement was concerted in "inhabitants serving organization." (Browne, Lynn F., 2002) According to the expert reports and analysis, 72 percent of all bank lend throughout the explosion was collateralized through real estate, and real estate loans accounted for other than 90 percent of Bank of New England's losses. Advanced situation rates, lower rents, and senior capitalization rates (distinct below) led to pointed declines in profitable real estate values. Analogous real estate association in the financial cycle had been recognized earlier in Texas and was experiential afterward in California, Alaska, and Hawaii of America. If we analyzed then we come to know that the latter was dangerous to Primo's policy to swim through the big fish, since considerable deals now need the backing of real estate titans. "There are trillions of dollars of assets stand for by New York association that spend crosswise all asset classes," says Primo (Case, Karl E., 2005, 83-92). If we analyzed the marketing effor... But flouting into the real estate asset advisory trade was chiefly challenging. Moreover, the country was mired in a depression, the real estate market was firm hit, and no recognized white-owned organization in the U.S. was willing to take a possibility on two fairly unknown black men in such unfortunate marketplace conditions (Clayton, Jim. 2005, 341-63). Subsequent to lots of failed attempts to get hold of startup capital from U.S. firms, Primo and Carter determined to look overseas. They logical that they knew the U.S. market improved than some European companies so race would be less of a issue and that it was a good time for a overseas firm to buy into the American marketplace since real estate prices was miserable. Consequently they approached Chesterton worldwide, a 200-year-old, London-based real estate corporation. Moreover, Primo and Carter used Chesterton's early investment to wrap operating expenses awaiting they got their primary big break in 1993, when the state of Connecticut gave them $100 million of the state's retirement fund finance to straight, which they located more often than not in real estate investment properties (Miles, Mike, and Nancy Tolleson. 2003). According to the expert analysis, Trilogy gives Capri retail real estate securities asset funds that are deal in the public markets at a time when shareholder attention in real estate securities is growing. Primo approximation the market for real estate securities at almost $300 billion and rising, and he vows to take advantage of on that enlargement. Conclusion In synopsis, profitable real estate is a important part of the nation's collection of assets. The market nowadays is as strong as it is ever been, through no clear signs of overbuilding. While commercial real estate markets stay

the story of mel :: essays research papers

"do real programmers program in fortran?" Maybe they do now, in this decadent era of Lite beer, hand calculators and "user-friendly" software but back in the Good Old Days, when the term "software" sounded funny and Real Computers were made out of drums and vacuum tubes, Real Programmers wrote in machine code. Not Fortran. Not RATFOR. Not, even, assembly language. Machine Code.Raw, unadorned, inscrutable hexadecimal numbers. Directly. Lest a whole new generation of programmers grow up in ignorance of this glorious past, I feel duty-bound to describe, as best I can through the generation gap, how a Real Programmer wrote code. I'll call him Mel, because that was his name. I first met Mel when I went to work for Royal McBee Computer Corp., a now-defunct subsidiary of the typewriter company. The firm manufactured the LGP-30, a small, cheap (by the standards of the day) drum-memory computer, and had just started to manufacture the RPC-4000, a much-improved, bigger, better, faster -- drum-memory computer. Cores cost too much, and weren't here to stay, anyway. (That's why you haven't heard of the company, or the computer.) I had been hired to write a Fortran compiler for this new marvel and Mel was my guide to its wonders. Mel didn't approve of compilers. "If a program can't rewrite its own code," he asked, "what good is it?" Mel had written, in hexadecimal, the most popular computer program the company owned. It ran on the LGP-30 and played blackjack with potential customers at computer shows. Its effect was always dramatic. The LGP-30 booth was packed at every show, and the IBM salesmen stood around talking to each other. Whether or not this actually sold computers was a question we never discussed. Mel's job was to re-write the blackjack program for the RPC-4000. (Port? What does that mean?) The new computer had a one-plus-one addressing scheme, in which each machine instruction, in addition to the operation code and the address of the needed operand, had a second address that indicated where, on the revolving drum, the next instruction was located. In modern parlance, every single instruction was followed by a GO TO! Put *that* in Pascal's pipe and smoke it. Mel loved the RPC-4000 because he could optimize his code: that is, locate instructions on the drum so that just as one finished its job, the next would be just arriving at the "read head" and available for immediate execution. the story of mel :: essays research papers "do real programmers program in fortran?" Maybe they do now, in this decadent era of Lite beer, hand calculators and "user-friendly" software but back in the Good Old Days, when the term "software" sounded funny and Real Computers were made out of drums and vacuum tubes, Real Programmers wrote in machine code. Not Fortran. Not RATFOR. Not, even, assembly language. Machine Code.Raw, unadorned, inscrutable hexadecimal numbers. Directly. Lest a whole new generation of programmers grow up in ignorance of this glorious past, I feel duty-bound to describe, as best I can through the generation gap, how a Real Programmer wrote code. I'll call him Mel, because that was his name. I first met Mel when I went to work for Royal McBee Computer Corp., a now-defunct subsidiary of the typewriter company. The firm manufactured the LGP-30, a small, cheap (by the standards of the day) drum-memory computer, and had just started to manufacture the RPC-4000, a much-improved, bigger, better, faster -- drum-memory computer. Cores cost too much, and weren't here to stay, anyway. (That's why you haven't heard of the company, or the computer.) I had been hired to write a Fortran compiler for this new marvel and Mel was my guide to its wonders. Mel didn't approve of compilers. "If a program can't rewrite its own code," he asked, "what good is it?" Mel had written, in hexadecimal, the most popular computer program the company owned. It ran on the LGP-30 and played blackjack with potential customers at computer shows. Its effect was always dramatic. The LGP-30 booth was packed at every show, and the IBM salesmen stood around talking to each other. Whether or not this actually sold computers was a question we never discussed. Mel's job was to re-write the blackjack program for the RPC-4000. (Port? What does that mean?) The new computer had a one-plus-one addressing scheme, in which each machine instruction, in addition to the operation code and the address of the needed operand, had a second address that indicated where, on the revolving drum, the next instruction was located. In modern parlance, every single instruction was followed by a GO TO! Put *that* in Pascal's pipe and smoke it. Mel loved the RPC-4000 because he could optimize his code: that is, locate instructions on the drum so that just as one finished its job, the next would be just arriving at the "read head" and available for immediate execution.

History 201: World History 1400-1900 Essay

This course is concerned with the history of Modern Europe from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present. However, it will not be a survey of all the â€Å"important† events and personalities of the period. The central theme will be revolution. This term refers to momentous events such as the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution and World War I. We are also interested in revolutionary changes in thought such as occurred during the Enlightenment and earth shaking social and/or economic developments including the Industrial Revolution and the Pursuit of Empire. Reading List: Available at the Bookstore M. Perry et al, Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics and Society from the 1400s, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009 From the Renaissance to the Present; Sources of the Western Tradition, vol. 2, ed. M. Perry, J.R. Peden and T.H. Von Laue, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 5th edition, 2003. Grade Distribution Participation throughout term – 10% Five quizzes during term – 10% Mid-Term Examination February 17 – 25% Term Essay April 7 – 25% Final Examination Scheduled by Registrar – 30% The exams and the term essay must be completed in order to receive a passing grade for this course. Assignments will be assessed letter grades. Please see the table in the Undergraduate Calendar (http://www.ucalgary.ca/pubs/calendar/current/f-2.html). Participation Much of approximately every third class will be devoted to group discussion. Our aim is to augment our ability to apply critical thinking to historical problems. Each discussion will relate to topics examined in class and/or readings on blackboard. Written accounts of group sessions will be handed in and assessed by the instructor to determine your participation grade, but they will not be returned. Please ensure that your name is recorded on all group submissions. Quizzes Five multiple-choice quizzes will be taken on five separate days. Four will be used to determine your overall quiz mark. You will not find these difficult if you attend class regularly and keep up with your readings. We will go over the correct answers in class. The quizzes will not be returned. Mid-Term and Final Examinations The mid-term and final examinations will cover the material from the course lectures, discussions and readings. They will not be multiple choice. Term Essay The term essay is to be approximately 1500 words in length (6 double-spaced pages). It will be based on four extracts totaling 8 – 10 pages in From the Renaissance to the Present; Sources of the Western Tradition. The extracts may come from the same chapter or from throughout the volume but should have similar themes so that you can evaluate them together. You should use (and reference accordingly) at least four academic books and articles to place your documents into historical context. Do not use encyclopedias, internet resources, class lectures, textbooks, or non-academic sources. The essay must conform to The History Student’s Handbook (available on blackboard). The pre-writing process (Part I) will involve the development of a strong central thesis statement. The writing (Part II) will require an introduction, argument, body of evidence, and conclusion. Writing style, submission format, and citations should follow Part IVof the Handbook. Use footnotes or endnotes as your method of citation (do not use parenthetical referencing). Classroom Conduct You are expected to attend all scheduled classes. Please refrain from distracting activities such as reading newspapers, opening food packages, chatting with friends, checking email, and using the internet or electronic devices during class. In order to protect the privacy of others, students may not record in any format (for example, digital photographs, voice and/or video recording from any device, including cell phones) any activity that occurs within the classroom. Permission to record lectures will only be given to students who have documented disabilities.