The Glossary of Literary Terms for the AP English Literature and Composition Exam Set 3 Flashcard

The Glossary of Literary Terms for the AP English Literature and Composition Exam: Set 3

being a best friend essays

being a best friend essays Part of being a best friend is listening. Often friends seek advice or words to comfort him or her, but sometimes not saying anything shows the mark of a best friend. By discarding lengthy speeches and simply listening attentively, I can truly focus on my friend. Actively watching for subtle changes in emotion, flickers of internal thought, and facial expressions allows me to delve into my friends situation. I simply allow myself to be infused by his or her story, whether it is a tale of a major success or heavy burden he or she needs to let out. It is then when apathy consumes me and I can try to feel what they are going through. Recently my friend Andy gave birth to her first child. The pregnancy was unintentional and her life has been completely altered. One night we were hanging out, just to shoot the breeze, but listening to her voice I heard submerged anguish and confusion. With that phrase she broke down and told me how utterly scared she was. Her babys father had abandoned her and the young infant, she had to quite school, she felt alone. I sat there in silence. At the moment I wanted to kick myself for not knowing what to say. Nothing came to mind that could help her, I felt helpless and useless. Andy, however, didnt need a quick fix, an easy solution. She just had to let it go all her worries and tattered emotions. Later I realized that even if I had been the smartest person in the world, nothing I could have said would have made things better for her. I just listened. My hushed concern was all that she needed, and she did feel relieved afterwards. I know now that expressing interest in a friends condition doesnt always require the right words, and by simply listening to someone speak, I can be a great friend. Laughing together is a major facet of being a best friend. To friends I am part comedian, part circus entertainer, and all toget ...

Dead Mans Path. Cultural conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dead Mans Path. Cultural conflict - Essay Example A turn of events would unfold as the main character was besieged with a dilemma regarding the requested retention of the traditional path, a spiritual realm of transcendence from this world to the next, or sheer disregard for cultural values of local historical setting. The main character of the story is Michael Obi, the protagonist, the newly appointed headmaster of Ndume Central School. He is regarded as flat character due to his unchanging stance throughout the story; though a pivotal teacher due to academic competence in teaching. He openly supports modernism and application of western practices, thereby condemns traditional points of views and practices of old teachers and colleagues. Likewise, Nancy, his wife, shares the main character’s support for modernity. The priest is considered the antagonist, the character who provoked Michael’s preferences for modern views. The rest of the characters provide minor depiction in roles such as the teacher Michael spoke to and the woman seen walking through the path. The story provides symbolism in terms of modernity through aesthetic beauty of the garden: analogous to paradise through landscaped lawns with flowering plants symbolizing growth and prosperity.

Socioeconomic classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socioeconomic classes - Essay Example On the other hand health issues due to poor nutrition, scarcity of resources, no revelation to the latest technologies, lack of education and awareness hampers the self-esteem of a child belonging to a family with low socioeconomic status. Parents of low socioeconomic group do not possess high degrees and lack exposure as well as confidence to face the competent world. Research reveals that SES is linked with an extensive assortment of physical condition, cognitive, and socio-poignant upshots in kids. These implications are experienced by the child right from the fetal stage and continue throughout the life (Bradley, 2002). Child belonging to high SES gets right to use various information, substances and communal sources or responses to deal with stress generating situations. SES influences welfare at numerous intensities, both within the family and those associated with the family and surroundings. Its implications are restrained by kids 's individual personality, relations and outs ide collaborative procedures (Bradley, 2002). References Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and Child Development.

Life, legacy and leadership of luis farrakhan Essay

Life, legacy and leadership of luis farrakhan - Essay Example In February 1955, while attending a musical concert in Chicago, Louis was invited to attend the Nation of Islam Saviour Day Convention. In this convention, he discovered a different calling and following encouragement Malcolm X, he joined the Nation of Islam, an organization established in the 1930s by Elijah Muhammad. Louis rose through the hierarchy and was later bestowed the holy name, Farrakhan by the movement’s leader Muhammad. When Elijah Muhammad the founder died in 1975, the Nation of Islam went into organizational chaos and eventually fragmented. One of Muhammad’s sons brought the movement to the formal tenets and practices of Orthodox Islam. Farrakhan withdrew from this Islamic organization and re-established the old Nation of Islam in which he remained loyal to the precepts and practices of its former patriarch. Louis stepped into Muhammad’s leadership mantle where he remained fiery and outspoken on social, political, racial and religious issues. In my view, he carved himself into an image of a militant spokesman for the conservative black nationals. In 1979 through the Nation of Islam movement, Farrakhan founded the Final Call, a weekly newspaper similar to the original Muhammad Speaks started by Malcolm X in which Farrakhan ran a weekly column (Kippenberger, 31). American politics are viewed as being free from threats of tyranny, dictatorship and a solid commitment to civil rights liberties and rights of individual citizens and minority groups as enshrined in the U.S constitution. On the contrary, Farrakhan through his speeches and views raises racial disharmony. He is an influential participant in the national black American politics and history. He continues to fight oppression in the U.S educational system, government and urban communities, the suffering endured by African-Americans, other ethnicities and racial groups. Many diverse local and global organizations hail Farrakhan as a champion in the struggle for freedom from oppressive treatment, justice and equality especially in uplifting and reforming the black community. With some scientific inclination, Farrakhan claims that blacks were the original human species and often quotes scientific findings of the oldest human being as being black (Kayyali, 173). He is well known for leading the Nation of Islam, an African-American movement that has practiced elements of Islam and Black Nationalism. The most significant accomplishment in civic rights activism was the 1995 Million Man March in Washington D.C. The march took a healing message and was inspired by concerns over the negative image of black men propagated by the media and film industry linking the black community to drugs, illicit sex and gang violence. He harnessed dialogue among gangs in the ghettos in major cities in America to reduce the level of social violence (Singh, 265). He set up an economic channel as a base for blacks to excel in business through education and training. He sought to bring solutions to the challenges of war, poverty, discrimination and the right to an education. In 2000 he convened the Million Family March to unite the human family, presided many weddings and re-commitment of vows. In 2005, upon the 10th anniversary of the

Importance of Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Therapy

Importance of Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Therapy Within cognitive therapy, the therapeutic relationship, along with the emotional aspects of therapy in general, has historically been of less importance than for other therapeutic modalities. In the last decade this has changed and in the so-called third wave in cognitive therapy there is a much greater interest in the therapeutic relationship (Hayes, Strosahl Wilson, 2004). This essay evaluates the relevance of the therapeutic relationship in cognitive therapy with reference to the outcome research. The term therapeutic relationship covers a wide range of factors within therapy, each of which have been examined separately in the research. Hardy, Cahill and Barkham (2007) have suggested that it is useful to break down this research into three areas: establishing the relationship, developing the relationship and, finally, maintaining the relationship. Starting with establishing a relationship, Sexton, Littauer, Sexton and Tà ¸mmerà ¥s (2005) examined the first two sessions with 34 different clients using anonymous ratings at 20 second intervals. They found that better therapeutic alliances were associated with earlier meaningful connection and emotional involvement. Empathy is also thought to be a major component in establishing a relationship. The research on the contribution of empathy towards the therapeutic outcome has been subject to meta-analysis by Bohart, Elliott, Greenberg and Watson (2002). This found that between 7% and 10% of psychotherapy outcomes were explained by empathy indeed this relationship was particularly strong in cognitive therapies. Two further components central to establishing a relationship which have also garnered positive relationship with outcomes in the literature are engagement (e.g. Tryon, 2002) and mutual involvement (e.g. Tryon Winograd, 2002). The second research area is developing a relationship; in order to progress clients must have a sense of commitment, trust and openness towards their therapist (Hardy, Cahill Barkham, 2007). This means the therapist must effectively manage the relationship, including negotiating factors like transference and counter-transference (Ligiero Gelso, 2002). This area, however, has not been extensively examined within cognitive therapy. The third research area is maintaining the relationship. Research has examined how therapists deal with the inevitable problems that arise in therapeutic relationships. Better outcomes are generally predicted by successfully dealing with challenges to the therapeutic relationship. Challenges studied have included negative feelings towards clients (Gelso Carter, 1985), disagreements (Safran, Muran, Samstag Stevens, 2001) and resistance (Binder Strupp, 1997). Stiles et al. (2004) looked at the overall pattern of alliance development over the course of both cognitive and psychodynamic therapies. They found that those who had ruptures in the therapeutic alliance, which were subsequently repaired, had the best treatment outcomes. This, along with similar previous research by Kivlighan and Shaughnessy (2000) strongly underlines the importance of relationship maintenance in treatment outcome. Much of the research on the therapeutic alliance across treatment modalities has been reviewed in two meta-analyses (Horvath Symonds, 1991; Martin, Garske Davis, 2000). Both found positive support for its effect on outcome. In addition Norcross (2002) has estimated that 30% of psychotherapeutic outcomes are related to common factors mostly therapeutic alliance. This is compared to only a 15% influence of techniques a component of cognitive therapy that has traditionally been emphasised. This point, though, has proved controversial and DeRubeis, Brotman and Gibbons (2005) have criticised studies such as those cited above for merely providing correlational evidence. For example, almost without exception the studies analysed by Martin et al. (2000) were correlational. DeRubeis et al. (2005) argue that a good outcome could well be producing a good alliance, rather than the reverse. Further Safran and Muran (2006) criticise the meta-analyses for only explaining 6% of the outcome varia nce. Despite these criticisms Craighead, Sheets and Bjornsson (2005) point out that a strong therapeutic alliance is still a vital component of positive change and research continues to underline its importance in cognitive therapy (e.g. Krupnick et al., 2006). In conclusion, the research on the therapeutic alliance in cognitive therapy has generally demonstrated its association with a positive outcome for clients. The importance of establishing and maintaining relationships have both been demonstrated in cognitive therapy. Some have even suggested the supremacy of common factors such as the therapeutic alliance over specific techniques of the cognitive modality. These claims are tempered, however, by methodological concerns with correlational data, which mean that the therapeutic alliance could be a result of a good outcome. Despite this, given that current research continues to point to the benefits associated with the therapeutic alliance, it seems likely this factor will continue to emerge as a vital component of cognitive therapy. References Binder, J. L., Strupp, H. H. (1997). Negative process: a recurrently discovered and underestimated facet of therapeutic process and outcome in the individual psychotherapy of adults. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 4(2), 121-139. Bohart, A. C. , Elliott, R., Greenberg, L., Watson, J. C. (2002). Empathy. In J. R. Norcross et al. (Eds.), Psychotherapy Relationships That Work (pp. 89-108). New York: Oxford University Press. Craighead, W. E., Sheets, E. S., Bjornsson, A. S. (2005). Specificity and nonspecificity in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12(2), 189-193. DeRubeis, R. J., Brotman, M. A., Gibbons, C. J. (2005). A conceptual and methodological analysis of the nonspecifics argument. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12(2), 174-183. Gelso, C. J., Carter, J. A. (1985). The relationship in counseling and psychotherapy: components, consequences, and theoretical antecedents. The Counseling Psychologist, 13(2), 155. Hardy, G., Cahill, J., Barkham, M. (2007). Active ingredients of the therapeutic relationship that promote client change: a research perspective. In: P. Gilbert R. L. Leahy (Eds.). The Therapeutic Relationship in the Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies (pp. 24-42). Oxford: Routledge. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. D. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy: an experiential approach to behaviour change. New York: Guildford Press. Horvath, A. O., Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139–149. Kivlighan, D., Shaughnessy, P. (2000). Patterns of working alliance development: A typology of clients working alliance ratings. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 362-371. Krupnick, J. L., Sotsky, S. M., Elkin, I., Simmens, S., Moyer, J., Watkins, J., et al. (2006). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome: findings in the national institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. Focus, 4(2), 269-277. Ligiero, D. P., Gelso, C. J. (2002). Countertransference, attachment, and the working alliance: The therapists contributions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, and Training, 39(1), 3-11. Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438–450. Norcross, J. C. (2002). Psychotherapy relationships that work: therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C. (2006). Has the concept of the therapeutic alliance outlived its usefulness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 286-291. Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., Samstag, L. W., Stevens, C. (2001). Repairing alliance ruptures. Psychotherapy, 38(4), 406-412. Sexton, H., Littauer, H., Sexton, A., Tà ¸mmerà ¥s, E. (2005). Building an alliance: Early therapy process and the client–therapist connection. Psychotherapy Research, 15(1), 103-116. Stiles, W. B., Glick, M. J., Osatuke, K., Hardy, G. E., Shapiro, D. A., Agnew-Davies, R., et al. (2004). Patterns of alliance development and the rupture-repair hypothesis: are productive relationships U-shaped or V-shaped? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 81-92. Tryon, G. S. (2002). Engagement in counselling. In: G. S. Tryon (Ed.). Counseling based on process research: Applying what we know (pp. 1-26). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Tryon, G. S., Winograd, G. (2002). Goal consensus and collaboration. In: J. R. Norcross (Ed.). Psychotherapy Relationships That Work (pp. 109-125). New York: Oxford University Press.

South African Diamond Trade: Enforcement and Perpetuation of Apartheid

South African Diamond Trade: Enforcement and Perpetuation of Apartheid, Past and Present I. Introduction South Africa was a rich country with a beautiful landscape and a rich culture. There were tremendous natural resources in South Africa and spectacular beauty. South African society was fluid and accepting, allowing people to move from one tribe to the next, without discrimination. This accepting and truly benevolent moral system, perhaps turned out to be a fatal flaw, manipulated and abused by European colonists who arrived in 1652 and have left an indelible legacy on the nation of South Africa (Thompson, 33). Upon their arrival, the Dutch and then the English systematically exploited black South Africans, taking advantage of their welcoming demeanor. Blacks began to be pushed off their land and natural resources monopolized by whites. Then on a fateful day in 1866, a new discovery by Erasmus Jacobs took the manipulation and exploitation of South Africa to all new heights. On this day, the Eureka diamond was discovered on the banks of the Orange River. The Eureka was 21.25 carats rough and confirmed earlier rumors of diamonds in South Africa and ignited the diamond rush (debeers.com). With this rush came the advent of large mining corporations such as Anglo American Corporation and DeBeers, who created an intricate system that kept the Africans they employed in poverty, while destroying traditional African society, all the while earning tremendous amounts of money. These companies, De Beers in particular, are depicted today as the benevolent liberal foreign company, but in reality they systematically exploited South Africans and their resources. They are applauded throughout the world for their cu... ...ngering presence of the stark inequalities that curse South Africa. However, if this is recognized and acknowledged, perhaps South Africa can take a critical step towards true equality, not just with words, but with economic opportunity. Works Cited De Beers Group. De Beers History. 5 March 2005. www.debeersgroup.com/debeersweb/About+De+Beers/De+Beers+History/. Ferguson, James. â€Å"Introduction to Humanities: Encounters and Identities.† Stanford University. Stanford. 14 February 2005 and 3 March 2005. Mathabane, Mark. Kaffir Boy. Free Press (Simon & Schuster): New York, 1986. Moodie, T. Dunbar. Going for Gold. University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 1994. Summa, John. â€Å"Anglo-American Corporation.† Multinational Monitor. Vol. 9: 9. September 1988. Thompson, Leonard. A History of South Africa. Yale Nota Bene: New Haven, 2001.

Changes in Technology Essay

The many changes in technology over the years greatly impacted the development of early human societies. Agriculture, religion, and competition between groups are just a few of the many things that were greatly impacted by the changes in technology. New inventions and ways of thinking of things made a huge difference in the world. There have been many changes in technology through out the years and in the development of early human societies. There were many changes during and after the classical age when it comes to agriculture. The invention of crop rotation and irrigation helped a lot in agriculture. They made farming much quicker and easier. Jethro Tull’s inventions of the seed drill and horseshoe also helped speed up the farming process. The seed drill made planting easier by planting seeds deep in the ground so they aren’t washed away. Horseshoes allowed horses to plow much quicker than before, which increased productivity. The increase of farming also made life a lot easier by allowing for less nomadic living due to the crops being so close to home. These inventions, as well as having more food from farming, are the reason for agriculture being as technologically advanced as it is today. Like agriculture, religion was also hugely impacted. Religion has always been very important in human societies. In the early years, religions such as Christianity and Buddhism introduced the idea of mutual intolerance. Mutual intolerance was the acceptance of disagreeing with another religion. Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity are just a few examples of the religions in this time. Things such as improvements in tools and weapons changed competition between groups. As time went on, there were more and more developments when it came to agriculture, engineering, and tools. The tools becoming more advanced led to the ideas of better weapons. Because weapons and tools kept improving, they began to be used to obtain power more regularly. In turn, groups like the Aztecs, Toltec, Mayans, and Oaxaca began fighting with these weapons in competition between groups. These examples of change in agriculture, religion, and competition between groups show that technology greatly impacted the development of early human societies. Whether it was because of inventions or different perspectives on things, these societies were obviously greatly impacted. With this information, it is clear that there have been many changes in technology through out the years and in the development of early human societies.

Discretion Of Lower Courts Example

Discretion Of Lower Courts Example Discretion Of Lower Courts – Coursework Example Discretion of Lower Courts al Affiliation) Activities that Permit the Lower Courts to Implement Decisions Legally, the lower court has the mandate or the authority to interpret decisions of the Higher Court: In this case, some important policies are usually made by the Higher or Appellate Courts, and such decisions are constitutionally interpreted by lower courts. The interpretation of decisions made by the higher court in the lower courts depend on various issues i.e. a judge’s personal perspective regarding the policy (iipdigital.usembassy.gov). Additionally the permission of lower courts to make decisions stems from the structure of the United States’ Judicial System. The US Judiciary system is characterized by individualism, decentralization as well as independence, thus most judges tend to make decisions without fear of impeachment, provided they keep their electorate satisfied by their services (www.iwenger.com). On the other hand, the activities undertaken in the lower courts are usually permitted by the mode of communicating a policy by the Higher or Supreme Courts (www.iwenger.com). That is, when an appeal is made on a lower court, the higher court takes the initiative of informing the lower courts and other courts regarding the decisions through various modes of communication such as: Printed copies and the internet where the judges can acquire the information. Remedies Applied by Public to Influence Decisions that are Yet to be Made by Lower CourtsOne of the remedies that the general public may utilize to facilitate decision making that a judge from a lower court has yet to implement, is to make an appeal for a decision to be made by a higher court. This remedy relies on the available legal structures that permit such decisions to either be made at the higher courts or the lowers courts, thus the general public has to take this into consideration. Secondly, the general public may undertake advocacy campaigns, requesting for fair judgmen t and appropriate decision making processes in a manner that the general public’s needs are met. Advocacy campaigns are considered appropriate strategies that have been applied to advocate for rights and fairness. This can be applied in lower courts especially if the decisions to be made by the lower courts have an impact of the general public. ReferencesIIP Digital | U.S. Department of State. (2008, May 14). Retrieved December 3, 2014, from http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2008/05/20080522225408eaifas0.2850305.html#axzz3KmcW21oG chapter 14 Top of FormBottom of FormWenger - Impact of Judicial Policies. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2014, from iwenger.com/impact_of_judicial_policies

Scrooge to Belle Essays

Scrooge to Belle Essays Scrooge to Belle Paper Scrooge to Belle Paper Dickens uses quite a lot of dialogue in A Christmas Carol, the quality which I noticed that it contributes to the story, is that it makes you believe as if you are there watching them interacting with each other. Also you get to see how the characters speak and act while they are in the presence of other characters in the story, so you get to know the character better and who they regard highly and respect and those who they dont regard so high. Dickens uses dialogue to create atmosphere especially when the spirit of Marley confronts Scrooge and they begin to talk to each other, this changes the whole mood at that moment, it makes the reader impatient to see what they will say to each other and what they will do especially in the later stages of the dialogue where the spirit of Marley confronts Scrooge, You must have been very slow about it, Jacob, Scrooge observed, in a business-like manner, though with humility and deference. Slow! the Ghost repeated. Seven years dead, mused Scrooge. And travelling all the time? The whole time, said the Ghost. No rest, no peace. Incessant torture of remorse. This dialogue shows how Dickens uses dialogue to create atmosphere but it also tells something about Scrooge, Scrooge seems to be observing Marley even though they had been great friends for a long time this tells us that either that he doesnt trust Marley or that he doesnt believe the thing that he is speaking is real, this is where the atmosphere is coming from. Dickens uses short and long sentences to create tension in his writing. Here is a short sentence, The chain he drew was clasped around his middle. This sentence describes the ghost of Marley but very directly so not to lose the tension or suspense, another good short sentence is, He looked out. This tells he looked out by it is expressed very sharply making you jump because of the quick action therefore maintaining the tension and suspense. Here is a long sentence, To sit, staring at those fixed glazed eyes, in silence for a moment, would play, Scrooge felt, the very deuce with him. This long sentence constructs the suspense and atmosphere of what is going to happen next, keeping the reader on the edge of their seat and also variety in length creates interest. But even though it is a long sentence it has a lot of pauses which is produced by the repeated use of commas therefore maintaining the tension in the sentence. A way which you could look at it is the merging of many short sentences like He looked out. Therefore creating one long sentence. Dickens introduces humour into A Christmas Carol for example, a ghost so transparent might find him self to take a chair some people may say it is wrong to introduce humour into a story but I dont think Dickens meant for it to be a full on ghost story because introducing humour into the story, it lightens up the mood thus varying the atmosphere. Also you have to look at the audience which Dickens was aiming for, I dont think he wrote the story for die hard ghost story readers but for children, Christmas story but most importantly to put the point across of the appalling plight of the children of the poor. In A Christmas Carol there is many characters some major and others minor from Scrooge to Belle. The first major character is obviously Ebenezer Scrooge who is a hard, cold miser who spends his days counting his profits and wishing the world would leave him alone. He doesnt believe in charity, and he is certain that those who do are just lazy bums looking for a handout. Scrooges entire life is his business and he shuts out his nephew who is the only relative he has. But Scrooge is visited by his old business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns him that if he continues to live his life in such an unchristian way, he will spend all eternity trying to make up for it. Three spirits also visit him who shows him that the errors of his ways turn everyone against him and therefore losing the respect of others making him a lonely old man. Because of what he sees and learns, Scrooge opens his heart to the people around him and learns charity and love and saves himself from the doom of which Marley warned him. Bob Cratchit another main character is an accountant who works for Scrooge, and he is a kind and loving family man. Scrooge generally mistreats Cratchit, but the accountant bears his employer no ill will because he believes that Scrooges life is lonely. The greatest sorrow in Cratchits life is that his young son, Tiny Tim, is very ill. Because Bobs salary is so meager, the family cannot afford treatment for Tim. When Scrooge sees their situation during one of the ghostly visitations, he realizes that he must be more generous to his employee and help save Tiny Tim. Jacob Marley was once Scrooges business partner, but he died seven years ago and now he returns as a ghost to warn Scrooge of the horrors that await him unless he changes his ways. Marley appears to Scrooge on Christmas Eve to tell him of the cumbersome burden that he bears in death because he neglected his duty toward others in life. Marley must walk around and watch people and regret that he did not help anyone or touch anyone during his lifetime. His burden is incessant remorse for his own greed during life. He warns Scrooge that unless he becomes a more charitable person, he will also bear that weight. Marley tells Scrooge of the three ghosts who will visit him. They are Scrooges only chance for salvation. After the warning, Marley flies out the window and joins the other ghosts who drag their chains of duty.

Designer babies; scientific and ethical considerations Essay

Designer babies; scientific and ethical considerations - Essay Example There is no "random collection of facts", but the examples are relevant and logically linked together. The scientific considerations are concise introduce briefly the reader to the methods used. The figures, although not strictly necessary, are there to support the text in a visually pleasing manner. Starting a sentence with a verb may not be common, but it isnt wrong either. However, the incriminated sentence could be re-worded as: "IVF is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) that involves..." The ethical considerations didnt miss any major points, but had to be shortened in order to fit the essay format. This paper isnt an exhaustive review on the topic, or it would have been far much longer. The conclusion does make a clear summary of the various aspects of PGD then broadens the scope once again to make the reader think about the topic once the paper has been read. This is basically an article about the philosophy of science, and should encourage the readers to think for themselves after exposing the problem in a clear manner. In general, the language used is professional, without any slang, and the punctuation is indeed correct. The grammatical mistake highlighted by the reviewer is actually a misquote of the paper and should read: "Both techniques combined gave rise to..." All subsequent appreciation of the grammar should therefore be viewed with a critical eye, as there doesn’t seem to be any

English Law Equity and Trust Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

English Law Equity and Trust Coursework - Essay Example tion behind the creation of trust is that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another; a confidence respecting property reposed in one person, who is termed the trustee, for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que trust. Generally the beneficiary gets interest and dividends on the trust assets for a set number of years. Law of equity and trust confers the provision regarding the trust. It laid down several duties and responsibilities for the trustees. Trust can be raised from either trust deed/covenant as said before or by the Will, i.e. a testamentary trust is a trust created by a Will or a codicil to a Will. A testament is a Will. Here the trust instrument is the Will/Codicil. A testamentary trust can not be by inter vivos i.e it can not be exist between living persons. Generally there can be two types of disputes raised from this type of the trust established by the law. a) Dispute concerning property left in Wills which are over the capacity of a testator b) dispute regarding whether the testator made the Will under undue influence. Here there is a rule that he/she must dispose of that property personally and may not delegate that power of disposition to another. Tatham v Huxtable(1950) 81 CLR 639 where the Court insisted to keep up the rule â€Å"Will directed the executor to distribute the residuary property â€Å"to others not otherwise provided for who, , have rendered service In our case, Brain has appointed Tony and Nathan as executors and trustees under his Will (testament) over the trust deed which he (the testator) had made earlier where his children Pat and Richard are the trustees. Before we render the service of tackled conclusions to Tony and Nathan, it is inevitable to have a look upon the rules, provisions, scope of trustees of trust deed and trustees of testamentary trust. There will always be some testators who draft their own